Cyber Terrorism - 1716 Words

In 1999, Chinese hackers targeted United States government sites, after an accidental bombing of a Chinese embassy in Belgrade. During this attack, government sites were hijacked and some sites suffered a denial of service attack. Most recently, it was suspected that Bank of America was the victim of a cyber terrorism attack; although no definitive evidence is available to substantiate that claim. Cyber terror attacks pose a threat against the national security of the United States. In order to fully comprehend the threat that cyber terrorism poses, it is essential to understand the background, the effects, the reality of the threat and the future of cyber terrorism. This assessment examines the reality of the cyber terrorism threat, and†¦show more content†¦Likewise, terrorists will strive to improve their cyber terror attack capabilities by keeping pace with the emerging technologies and overcoming countermeasures. Many computer security experts question the possibility that the Internet could be used to inflict death on a large scale. Some precautions have been made. Systems have been established in the last five years, which aim at preventing a possible cyber terrorism attack. â€Å"Air gapping† has been established on all nuclear weapons, meaning the weapons are not connected to the Internet or any open computer network and cannot be accessed by intruders or terrorists. Still, other areas of concern include subways, gas lines, power grids and communication systems; which are owned primarily by the private sector and are managed by Internet enabled computer systems. Reality of a Cyber Terror Attack Malicious cyber activity is occurring more frequently and with unexpected complexity. In mid-December of 2009, Google experienced a highly sophisticated and targeted attack which originated in China on its search engine infrastructure and e-mail, as well as on at least 20 other companies. Attacks are occurring within the United States, as well. Attacks on government networks are omnipresent. In 2008, NASA and other departments of Defense, Homeland Security and Commerce suffered major intrusions by â€Å"unknown foreign entities† whichShow MoreRelatedCyber Terror And Cyber Terrorism1843 Words   |  8 PagesCyber terrorism has brought and created a big threat to the society especially to the developed worlds. The threat has become so severe that it has captured the attention of the media, security system and the information industry. Cyber terrorists attack their target electronically and needless to say that it endangers life it is also a national security threat. Since most of the infrastructure in the western worlds are computerized and networked, the threat is real and poses a great risk. Just likeRead MoreCyber Security And Terrorism : Terrorism1521 Words   |  7 Pages9:30am-10:45am October 4, 2016 Cyber Security Terrorism In the 21st century, humans continue to advance technology at an incredibly fast rate, which also indicates we become more dependent of the technology. Keep in mind, with more technology being available, new threats emergeï » ¿Ã¯ » ¿Ã¯ » ¿Ã¯ » ¿ constantly in the cyber-world. Everyday society seems to be integrating digitally more and more, meaning the US s infrastructure may be susceptible to attacks. Little is known about America s Cyber Security defenses, if anyRead MoreEssay on Cyber Terrorism1167 Words   |  5 PagesCyber Terrorism Thus far we have scratched the surface of the ever-perplexing problem of terrorism. As it has evolved those in the position of countering it have also gained some valuable experience. Even with this knowledge it is very difficult, bordering on impossible to prevent terrorist acts from occurring. In the recent past there has been an extra element added to this confusing and dangerous equation, the Internet and other computer capabilities. Cyber-terrorism is a realistic possibilityRead MoreIntroduction to Cyber Terrorism2287 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction to Cyber Terrorism: Cyber Terrorism is an attack executed by Cyber Terrorists via information systems to significantly interfere with the political, social or economic functioning of a groups or organizations of a nation or induces physical violence and creates panic. We define hackers as individuals who wish to access, modify data, files and resources without having the necessary authorization to do so, and/or wish to block services to authorized users. Cyber Terrorists are individualsRead MoreCyber-War and Cyber-Terrorism Defined2092 Words   |  8 PagesCyber-War and Cyber-Terrorism Defined In order to properly answer the question posed we must first define what cyber-war and cyber-terrorism are. The Oxford Dictionaries defines cyber-war as â€Å"The use of computer technology to disrupt the activities of a state or organization, especially the deliberate attacking of communication systems by another state or organization:† Although there is no dictionary definition of cyber-terrorism, The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has definedRead MoreThe Issue Of Counter Cyber Terrorism1923 Words   |  8 PagesInternational jurisprudence regarding the â€Å"use of force † in matters pertaining to cyber-terrorism and the exercise of permissible of counter-cyber terrorism measures remains predominately unsettled â€Å"as†¦ current international law does not specifically address cyber warfare. † With respect, this legal brief draws upon the arguments put forth by Schmitt for the purpose of arguing that states shall only engage in co unter cyber terrorism measures such as surveillance in accordance with the principles of â€Å"jus adRead MoreModern Terrorism and Cyber Terrorism Essay example1688 Words   |  7 Pages Terrorism is â€Å"the use of violence against people or property to force changes in societies or governments, strikes fear in the hearts of people everywhere.† Terrorism is something that has been going on for many centuries now. It is nothing new to the history of our world. During earlier times, and even now terrorism was started by individual people, groups of people, and political classes. Terrorism does not always happen the exact same way every time. Modern terrorism has started in the 1960’sRead MoreCyber- Terrorism and Information Warfare2164 Words   |  9 PagesThe availability of cheap cyber weapons has made cyber-terrorism a growing threat to the stability of Americas critical infrastructures and society in general. Needless to say that cyber terrorism is a major issue for American policymakers and IT professionals. The growing threat to commercial and government entities has prompted organizations to develop effective strategies and methods to protect their resources and assets from the threat of attackers. Such strategies and methods include butRead MoreTraditional and Cyber Terrorism Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesBasically traditional terrorism and cyber terrorism have same aims, and share same values like disorganization of state government, causing huge economic and political damage and loss, destabilization that will provoke change of government. But there is still difference in some aspects. In contrast with traditional terrorist who uses bombs or other weapons for achieving his or her goals, cyber terrorist uses modern informational technologies for the same purpose. First of all these are computerRead MoreCyber Terrorism And Threats Of Information System1688 Words   |  7 PagesCyber-Terrorism and Threats to Information System National security has been top priority of the United States after World War II. This is due to the fact that the United States before this time was relatively an isolationist country with no influence in the world. As a result national security was not important, this changed post World War II. The United States found themselves among the top, overnight they went from being new and not listened to, to becoming one of the major players in the world

The Risk Our Society Takes by Depending on the Use of...

What most people in our society lack to notice is how our country s continuous use of fossil fuels is endangering to nature and the wildlife it inhabits as well as the environment that we live in. Our society seems to think that fossil fuels we use in excess today will last forever but actuality will one day be depleted to unrepairable measures, which is why we need a cleaner more environmentally friendly substitute. With that said my paper is going to underline how our society would be able to transfer from fossil fuels to cleaner energies which are beneficial to our earth and existence. There is a great understandable hunger for energy in the world. Increases uses of energy are strongly correlated with the gross domestic product†¦show more content†¦Cleaner energies would be the target goal for the source of society s energy. They also have their share of benefits and disadvantages. Aside from the fact that cleaner energies would do a world of help to the environment by re ducing the amount of harmful gases that get trapped in the atmosphere which can reduce the greenhouse effect as well as the amount of forests being destroyed by acid rain. The most likely substitute for the fossil fuels would be hydrogen. When burned in air, its end products are water and some nitrogen oxides. These oxides, which are potentially pollutants, can be reduced to negligible levels with catalytic (speeds up reaction rate) heaters. So hydrogen would be the least polluting of all energy sources. The disadvantage we find with using hydrogen is that the storage would be a problem. It can be stored in several ways, none completely safe. With care hydrogen can be at least as safe as many other hazardous substances we use. It can be compressed and stored in tanks. It can be liquefied. It can be combined with some metal to form a chemical compound called hydride and then have the hydrogen release slightly by increasing the temperature. Portable tanks tend to be very heavy and awk ward to handle but large community tanks can be used as they have been in the past for storing town gas. Liquefying hydrogen and storing it requires expensive additional sophisticated cryogenic equipment: hydrogen liquefies at theShow MoreRelatedFossil Fuel And Fossil Fuels1485 Words   |  6 PagesFossil fuel is a general term for buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials. Fossil Fuels were formed from decayed prehistoric plants and animals that lived millions of years ago (Science Daily, 2015). According to the U.S Department of Energy, when these ancient living plants and animals died they decomposed and became buried under layers and layers of mud, rock, and sand (2013). Throughout millions of years, they slowly decomposed into organic material. Depending on what combinationRead MoreRenewable Energy in America Essays1573 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems in recent years in America is the dilemma of alternative forms of energy. While all forms of energy have various pros and cons, some are much more favorable than other depending on renewability, reliability and cost. Some are extremely energy renewable, some are much cheaper than others, some are much more reliable and some take up a lot less space than others. There has been a lot of disagreements as to what the best source is, pros and cons considered. All of the sources have one thing in common:Read MoreNuclear Energy For A Green Earth1164 Words   |  5 Pagesenormously dependent on fossil fuels despite the numerous advancements in alternative power sources (Solar panels, wind turbines, etc.). Fossil fuel based energy (our main energy source) is not only expensive, but it also leaves a gigantic impact on the environment. If we continue to depend on this power source, our future generations will have to bear the consequences of our neglect of the earth. The topic of discussion is important to address because it is about the future of our planet, and one wayRead MoreThe Benefits of Becom ing Green Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesImproving Energy How much energy is used from simply charging a cell phone? Harmful fossil fuels are used to produce most of the energy the world uses daily. Although some people believe that fossil fuel industries are stable, enabling green jobs to produce and manage alternate sources of energy would create a more secure, reliable, and healthy economy. What exactly is a green job? â€Å"The term ‘green jobs’ encompasses a number of fields, ranging from jobs that increase energy efficiency and reduceRead MoreFossil Fuels Are Not Dead Dinosaur Remains2021 Words   |  9 PagesContradictory to what many people believe, fossil fuels are not dead dinosaur remains. â€Å"In fact, most of the fossil fuels we find today were formed millions of years before the first dinosaurs† (â€Å"Fossil Energy: How Fossil Fuels Were Formed,† n.d.). They were formed from prehistoric plants and animals that lived many millions of years ago and are considered non-renewable because they are not sustainable and cannot be easily replaced due to their formation taking billions of years. â€Å"When these ancientRead MoreFossil Fuels Are Not Dead Dinosaur Remains1921 Words   |  8 PagesMadison Flanagan â€Æ' Contradictory to what many people believe, fossil fuels are not dead dinosaur remains. â€Å"In fact, most of the fossil fuels we find today were formed millions of years before the first dinosaurs† (â€Å"Fossil Energy: How Fossil Fuels Were Formed,† n.d.). They were formed from prehistoric plants and animals that lived many millions of years ago and are considered non-renewable because they are not sustainable and cannot be easily replaced due to their formation taking billions of yearsRead MoreClimate Change Is A Real Issue1249 Words   |  5 Pagesthe biggest factors in this dilemma (IPCC). Climate change is the difference in temperature over a large region of land throughout a long period of time (IPCC). What causes this increase in temperature? Society is the greatest reason for this increase as human’s activities such as burning fossil fuels and agricultural practices increase the release of carbon dioxide (IPCC). The Earth’s average temperature has risen by almost a degree and a half within the last century (Vitousek, 23). At the rate theRead MoreFracking : An Unconventional Technique For Harvesting Natural Gas And Oil1301 Words   |  6 Pagesseems that it has only recently become a prominent point of contention in our society. Fracking is considered an unconventional technique for harvesting natural gas and oil. Where conventional wells drill straight down and can only collect from more free-flowing deposits, fracking allows for horizontal drilling into shale deposits and uses water pressure to enlarge pre-existing fractures- freeing up otherwise unobtainable fuel. First used by Halliburton in 1949 (Beaver 179), fracking has been creditedRead MoreOil Exploration And Drilling, Oil, And Natural Gas1592 Words   |  7 PagesOil Exploration and Drilling The fossil fuels contain high percentage of carbon and include coal, oil, and natural gas, are the major source of energy that power our modern society. Fossil fuel range from low carbon to hydrogen ratio like methane, to liquid petroleum, to almost pure carbon like coal. Petroleum, such as natural gas and crude oil, contains a mix of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon deposits underneath the earth surface, such as oil and natural gas, is search by petroleum geologist and geophysicsRead Moreenvironmental hw2074 Words   |  9 PagesCOMPREHENSION 1) Why are fossil fuels our most prevalent source of energy today? Why are they considered nonrenewable sources of energy? Today, the three main fossil fuels that are in demand are oil, coal and natural gas. These fossil fuels are prevalent because they are efficient to burn, ship, and store based on high energy content. Fossil fuels also provide for our daily needs such as transportation, heating, cooking and electricity. Based on our current rates of consumption, we will use up the Earth’s

High School and Personal Hero Free Essays

â€Å"A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself†. Heroes are usually superhero, celebrities and historians but the hero in my life is my mother. My mother is my personal hero because she overcame all the struggles in her youth; she has a caring heart and a hard worker. We will write a custom essay sample on High School and Personal Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now My mom is my personal hero because of how she overcame struggles in her youth. My mom has a strong sense of leadership even as a young child, due to the fact that she practically raised her 10 brothers and 9 sisters. When my mother was very young, her father had an illness that ended up killing him. Her mother tends to care about her man more than her kids. My mother threw away her dream to become a professional soccer player to help provide for her siblings. Also, my mom overcomes her struggles in school when she was younger. Partially junior high and early high school, my mother didn’t think or care about school and how important it was and she decided that providing for her siblings was the number one priority. As the school years had gone by her attitude toward school changes, she is more dedicated and determines to get her high school diploma. All in all overcoming struggles in her youth has made mom my personal hero. Secondly, my mother is my personal hero because she is a caring person. My mom is part of the minority who make it a part of everyday life to help others. She’s passionate about teaching profoundly mentally handicap children, a job which may be considered undesirable, yet she wouldn’t trade it for the world. She is also the first to offer a helping hand to anybody any time. She has given people a home, a shoulder to cry on, advice, all the help she can give, and most importantly given someone in need the feeling of knowing that there is someone out there who cares. Also, she constantly encouraged me to further my education. She doesn’t want me to go through the same struggles as she went through numerous times. My mother knew growing up she was not given the same opportunities as I am today. My mother reminds me that she foresees a future in me and will not let me give up on my education. Therefore being a caring person is one of many reasons why my mom is a hero to me. Lastly, my mom is my personal hero because she is a hard worker. My mother would sacrifice anything she had to, to ensure our happiness and success. She works two jobs, her full time teaching career and her part time job working fast food just so she can afford to have a roof over our heads, food on the table, and some of the luxuries we may desire even though they aren’t ecessities. She sacrifices her time and energy to please us. There aren’t many people out there who are so giving, without asking for anything in return. Also my mom has think of quitting her job many of time because the hours she worked didn’t allow her to spend any time with her kids and husband. She started getting back pain, eat disorder and sleeping less. But that didn’t stop my mother from quitting her j ob. In conclusion being a hard worker is one of the most important reasons why my mother is my hero. With all the curves and obstacles life throws at us, somehow my mom manages to keep herself together and still manage to be the best mother I know out there by overcoming all the tough struggle she went through as a young child, have a caring personality and working hard. She always strives to do her best for us, and loves us unconditionally. My mom is the most compassionate person that I know. She cares much more for others than she cares for herself and put in time and energy to please us. My mother is my mom, my best friend, but most importantly she is my everyday hero. How to cite High School and Personal Hero, Essay examples

Manage Workforce Planning of XYZ Coal Mine Situated in Queensland

Question: Discuss about the Manage Workforce Planning of XYZ Coal. Answer: Introduction Planning of workforce is the core activity of the human resource development of an organisation. The activity focuses on making a systematic study to identify analyse the needs of the organisation with respect to the size, variety, skills, knowledge of the workforce of it so that it will be able to achieve its objectives successfully. The planning is treated as the process of the business intelligence that communicate the organisation about the present, transition and expected impact of both the organisations internal external environments (Burke, 2008). Workforce requirements XYZ Coal is a coal mine situated in Queensland. It has more than 700 workers working in the mine and it has planned to induct another three hundred employees in the coming five years. The company proposes to bring total workforce number to one thousand. The company has proposed for a strategic workforce planning that is to add another 300 employees in the coming five years. The mission of the organisation is to get a high return from its various activities like mining, production marketing of its products. The company has the strategic objectives to have zero harm and to offer safety, and bring stability through the sustainable development. The company has Venus mine that is located in the North of the Bowen Basin. It produces 7.8 million tonnes cooking coal per annum. It sold its products in three important customers like Japan, South Korea Taiwan. Through the Mars project, it wants to make an expansion of its operation to meet the demand of India and China. Workforce Objectives and Strategies The workforce planning is prepared for the expansion of the current Venus mine and the operations will be increased to produce more 2.2 million tonnes annually. The project will utilise draglines truck-shovel fleet. There are many activities like the clearing of the vegetation, rehabilitation, dumping, stripping etc. activities are required to be done. The seam geometry thickness of the location, the management plan for open cut mining instead of underground mining. The life expectancy of the mine is considered for 45 years and $ 1 billion expenditure for making the mine ready for operation. The operational expenditure is expected three hundred million annually.The company expects a rise in the income from the exports. There will be around 299 jobs for the operations will be created and this will offer employment opportunity for the region. Workforce diversity requirements The human resource management requires having both strategic workforce planning operational workforce planning.The planning will be made as per the strategic objectives of the organisation. Objectives Strategy/Strategies How the strategy will be implemented 1.Strategic workforce planning The organisation has five years of strategic planning and the planning related to the period of the forecast, needs of the business, outcomes are prepared by the management of the organisation (Kumar, 2009) The HRM will be in the job of focusing on identifying the implications of the workforce of the present time, during the transition also for the future (Duncan, 2016). The scenario planning has been prepared by the management during the strategic planning. 2. Operational workforce planning This is a plan made by the organisation that is meant for 2-3 years. The organisation makes the business plan to be achieved in the timeframe. This planning focuses on planning strategy of the workforce. This planning states the process of analysing and gathering systems for the formulation of strategic planning (JMPM, 2017). The HRM will make an analysis of the six factors to make the strategies of the expansion of the company successful. This analysis will help the management of the coal company to implement expansion plan of the Venus coal mines 3. Forecast planning The company proposes that the Mars project will offer 2.2 million tonnes annually and it will work for forty-five years. The analysis of the actual with relation to the forecast will be analysed by the management ( Espley, 2017). The HRM will take care of the planning. Employer of Choice programme The sourcing of skilled labour is one of the important jobs of the HRM of a company. The HRM prepares choice programme for the retention of the skilled employees. Retention of skilled labour (Two objectives) To employ skilled and experienced people in the workforce To minimise the costs in the operation process of the company with skilled workers In the case study organisation the requirements of producing 2.2 million tons of coal will be made easily. Sourcing of skilled labour JOB TITLE MINING ENGINEER Value/Criticality for Business To take care of mining excavation and operation activity Capacity of the Organisation to obtain this type of workers The expansion of the mines will require the engineer Internal supply 1. Retirement rate As per the rule of the organisation 2. Terminations As per the performance appraisal Retention Strategy 1. To offer bonus and reward for the achievement. 2. Promotion Summary of External Supply The skilled workers will contribute to the expansion plan of the company Sourcing Plan Experienced persons will be employed Succession Planning The workforce analysis refers to the strategy made by the company for the expansion of the workplace. In the case study organisation, the coal company plans for another 300 employees to include along with 700 employees of the organisation. The HRM will make an assessment of the existing employees and the need of the employees for the expansion of the mining work (Qureshi Warraich, 2009). The management prepares a strategy for all activities. The current expansion of the Mars project will have lots activities to be completed. It will be an open cast mine. The clearing of the vegetation, stripping off the topsoil, overburden removal, rehabilitation etc. are some of the activities that are required to be done before the operation starts (idemitsu.com.au, 2017).. Thus the HRM prepares all the activities and accomplishes them. Recruitment, retention and redundancy strategies Activity Objective/s Action / Strategy and targets How to obtain agreement and endorsement 1.Recruitment To employ qualified and skilled workers for the new project The employment will be given as per the required qualification HRM will make an agreement with the selected candidates 2.Training To make the employ skilled on the requirement Training will be imparted on the need basis After the selection the HRM will offer them training. 3.Redeployment To engage the people to work The skilled people will be employed The agreement will be made with successful workers 4.Redundancy To avoid over staffing Unskilled workers will be avoided HRM will take care of this Review and monitoring The most important task of the management is to see how the tasks are performing. The management monitors the activities and evaluates the performance of the tasks (www.sa.gov.au, 2015). The gap analysis refers to the difference between the prediction and the actual outcomes in the process of the operations. The expected outcomes of the project may get delayed or not it may not meet the expectations due to some unforeseen factors (Luu, et al., 2008). Thus analysis of gap is done by the management during the plan of the project. The Human Resource Department will focus on monitoring changes after the new employees will be inducted. The demand for coal from India and China will be taken care. As per the demand the expected amount of coal will be produced. Contingency planning The activities of the project are planned and the management works to accomplish the task one by one. The HRM sees all the tasks and strategies are implemented properly and any risk in the way of the accomplishment of the task is mitigated (Gido Clements, 2013). For the risks contingency planning will be there. The mining work will focused. The maintenance department will remain alert for any shutdown and the production department will inform them to do the task during operation of coal mines. Conclusion and recommendation Managing workforce planning is an important work of the HRM. The human resource management sees how the strategic planning and operational planning are being made and how they are performing for the successful outcomes of the objectives of the organisation. Thus managing workforce planning is the most important activity of the HRM in an organisation. Bibliography Espley, S., 2017. Hardrock Mining and the Evolution of the Roles for Women - dhaatri. [Online] Available at: www.dhaatri.org/rimm140508/Documents/0286_fullpaper.pdf [Accessed 07 05 2017]. Burke, R., 2008. Project Management, Planningand Control Techniques. s.l.:John Wiley and Somns. Duncan, H., 2016. PROJECT PLANNING A STEP BY STEP GUIDE. [Online] Available at: https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/project-planning-step-by-step.php [Accessed 07 05 2017]. Gido, J. Clements, J., 2013. Successful project management. s.l.:Nelson Education. idemitsu.com.au, 2017. Social Impact Management Plan - Idemitsu Australia Resources. [Online] Available at: https://idemitsu.com.au/.../Boggabri_Coal_Social_Impact_Management_Plan_Rev_4.... [Accessed 07 05 2017]. JMPM, 2017. The Journal of Modern Project Management. The Journal of Modern Project Management. kepion.com, 2017. Drive forward your workforce planning process. [Online] Available at: https://www.kepion.com/solutions/workforce-planning [Accessed 07 05 2017]. Kumar, A., 2009. General Principles Management Principles. [Online] Available at: https://www.practical-management.com/Project-Management/General-Project-Management-Principles.html [Accessed 07 05 2017]. Luu, V. T., Kim, S. Y. Huynh, T. A., 2008. Improving project management performance of large contractors using. International Journal of Project Management,, 256(7), pp. 758-769. Qureshi, T. M. Warraich, A. S., 2009. Significance of project management performance assessment. International Journal of Project Management, Volume 27, pp. 378-388. www.sa.gov.au, 2015. Appendix Y: Social Impact Assessment - sa.gov.au. [Online] Available at: https://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/.../EIS-Appendix-Y-Social-Impact-Assessment.pdf [Accessed 07 05 2017].

Homeschooling Argumentative Paper free essay sample

Many parents have often poundered on which type of educational setting would be best for their children. The most common way for children to receive their basic K-12 education is by attending a public school. However, there is one very different option, home schooling. The advantages of home schooling are starting to be realized by more and more parents every year, by the growing # of children being home schooled. So, are there advantages to home schooling? With today’s society, this seems to be growing truer all the time. Of course, there seems to be many more advantages to teaching children from home, versus sending them to a public school. The home schooling process seems to be much more efficient than that of public schools. Lawrence Hardy of American School board Journal asked Yvonne Bunn, a home schooling mom, to comment on her thoughs of how home schooling matched up with that of a public school, academically. We will write a custom essay sample on Homeschooling Argumentative Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ms. Bunn replied saying, â€Å"Acadmeically, homeschooling is like a tutorial, one-one relationship. That is every teacher’s dream. (18). She went on to comment about how she thinks home schooling is â€Å"quickest, most comprehensive way of covering a subject†. (18). Home schooling seems to be best way to speed up the learning process because of the lack of the students. Ms. Bunn told of how one of her daughters was able to complete the entire her Kindergarten curriculm before Xmas, and this was in just two hours of school a day. She described how this is possible by saying, â€Å"We accomplish the curriculum in two hours a day because we are not lining up, we are not dealing with troublemakers in the classroom† (18). Many people feel as if the sheltered environment of learning in the home will often hurt a child when he or she decides to hurt when he or she decides to leave home to purse a college education. However, this might not necessarily be true. Betty Hanson has recently sent her home schooling son off to college, and he is now doing very well in the college setting. She said she believed that â€Å"he is at an advantage cuz he learned to study independly and not reply on others so much, which is similar to how you learn in college†. Lawrence Hardy also discusses this issue. He indicates that they (home schooled children) â€Å"are naturals for post secondary work cuz of their experience with the kind of independent study that college requires† (19) There is another advantage to home schooling, although, this is an advantage that is often debated for moral reasons. Since most parents who home schooling don’t keep their student’s grades, when asked by a college to assign a grade for such things as dual-enrollment college classes, the parents often assign the highest grade possible. Rebecca Talluto, dean of educational services at Brevard Community College discusses this topic. She tells how when a home schooling student wants to part of dual-enrolled college classes, he or she do not go to principal or guidance counselor to get proper documents signed. â€Å"Instead they must submit a notarized affidavit that says they are at least sophomores. Their parent, in lieu of a HS guidance counselor and principal, sign a form from them stating that the students meets minimum†. GPA requirements. And this is where the problem shows up, when we explain this form to the parents, they usually reply that the parents, they usually reply on that they do not keep grades. Then they go ahead and sign the form, assigned their child a 4. 0 GPA† (20) Unfair? Yes, but it is definitely an advantage for home schooled students. Due to this, homeschooling children have tended to excel on academic achievement tests; the gateways to academic success and educational opportunities in our world today. But another distinct counterargument against homeschooling is that the parents are not accredited teachers or capable of performing the duties of an accredited teacher. â€Å"Home School Legal Defense Association, HSLDA, in collaboration with Brian D. Ray of the National Home Education Research Institution, NHERI, refutes this argument in an article released in the Homeschool Progress Report of 2009. The figures showed homeschool students placed 34-39 percentile points higher than norm on Standardized test achievements† (Ray, Brian D. ) (About NHERI). The study also discovered that parents, whether teacher-cerified or not, had no effect on the test scores. A key factor in these statistics is the plain fact that the flexibility that homeschooling provides allows students to continue pursuing what they love, and if they need be, take their time working out concepts that they don’t quite understand. Just about every critic of the home schooling process will use the â€Å"lack of socialization† point when debating why home schooling is a bad choice. Yvonne Bunn was asked about whether she was worried about socialization. Ms Bunn had a very interesting reply, almost flip- flopping the question. She stated, â€Å"We had better be concerned with socialization, cuz socialization is one of the best reasons to home school. Just look at society today† (18). She went on to say that â€Å"home schooled children kids have lots of opportunities for socialization—from church groups, scouting, 4-H, community organizations, to name few† (18). Ms Bunn feels like her kids don’t necessarily need school in order to gain the basic, essential socialization skills needed for life. However, Bob Chase, president of the National Education Association, feel differently. He feels as if the socialization skills picked up from interaction with kids of your own age while in public schooling is essential. He says, â€Å"Public education represents a slice of reality that goes beyond participate in ballet classes, and church socials† (qtd. Hardy 15) Many parents feel as if they should be more concerned about what kind of socialization their kids is receiving, rather than how much. By knowing just what activities a child is involved in, for instance, a church youth group, there is a better understanding of just who they are interacting with, as well as a little control over whom they socialize with. In a public school setting there just isn’t this type of knowledge or control. Ms. Bunn agrees with this type of philosophy stating, â€Å"Parents should be concerned about the quality of social contracts, rather than quatity†. (qtd. in Hardy 18). Before really looking into the issue, most people turn their nose up at the idea of home schooling their kids because of the negative remarks often ade about this alternative to public schools and the common myths that developed over time such as, the loss of socialization an poor success in post-secondary schooling. However, if one takes the time to really sit and evalvate which choice would be better for their kids, receiving an education in a public school or at home, home schooling has a lot of strong adv antages that cannot be ignored. A small percentage of people who home school their kids give the practice up, and either start their kids in a public school for the first time or send them back to the public schooling system. The education that home schooled kids are receiving today is better than that of a public education, and is now starting to show up in society more and more. Richard Hardy discusses this by saying, â€Å"It is hard to argue with the advantages of one-one tutor, or parent involvement, and of a curriculm tailored to every child’s needs. Home schooled kids are winning spelling and geography bees and going on to top-notch colleges† (19). It’s obvious those are definite advantages to home schooled.

Daoism and Confucianism

Daoism and Confucianism Introduction The Daoism and Confucianism have some similarities and differences. The research paper will be comparing and contrasting both through what they share and what they differ. Various aspects like their origins, their theories, dynasties and major focus will be discussed. The paper starts with differences:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Daoism and Confucianism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The history of origin Confucianism is a philosophy that was introduced by a Chinese philosopher by name Confucius. This philosophy mainly based its arguments on the idea that logic and reason can create a solution to all challenges facing human beings (Yao 189). The Confucius opposed the excessive application of human emotions and superstition. According to the teachings of Confucianism, the use of early Chinese traditions is the best and most appropriate way of having an organized community. This philosophy a lso valued the traditional rituals and music as they maintain the harmony in the society. However, Lao Tzu initiated Daoism and its ideas are based on human beings living a balanced life according to the nature (Tang 76). According to Lau Tzu, he conceived the natural world as a teacher through whom human beings can obtain wisdom if only they observed and shaped their lives depending on the nature. He had a main goal of avoiding conflict and human beings to move according to the flow of things. Human cooperation and connection of nature The Confucianism is mainly known to encourage the cooperation among the human beings. It discourages the individualism as it teaches on the benefits of staying together as one community. The teachings of Daoism encourages on how one can survive well if only he or she associates well with the laws of nature. Even without the assistance of the fellow human beings, Daoism insists that anyone can survive in the society. Despite the fact that Confucianism encourages loyalty of leaders and superiors, it also gives people some rights to fight and oppose those rulers who are corrupt and treating other people unfairly (Renard 113). On the other hand, Daoism does not teach people on such aggression, as it calls for peace, humility and inaction. Dynasties believe in both Daoism and Confucianism The people in china have different believes as far as Confucianism and Daoism are concerned. A group believes in Confucianism while others believe in Daoism. This is facilitated by the fact that both have some truth and reasonable ideas that attract individuals. For instance, for those who follow Daoism, they believe that the most important aspect of a rational human world is not that matters a lot than the cosmic world of nature (Little 108). However, the followers of Confucianism value much the occurrences and events that affect people in their normal lives. Confucianism has a perception of human beings to enjoy their lives in the world to maximu m.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The teachings of Confucianism are human oriented because it valued the pleasures of life like giving birth, feeding on good diet, and enjoying life with relatives and friends. In order for people to enjoy their lives fully, the Confucianism insists on social responsibility and working hard for them to be prosperous and joyful. When considering the thoughts of Daoism, naturalness and spontaneity are the most emphasized aspects of human beings (Renard 207). The teachings of Daoism does not give room for teleology no matter the circumstances, it is non-mechanistic such bringing the idea of the world as an immoral one. Similarities in ideas Although they differed in their ideas, there were still some theories that the two philosophers shared. It was a common idea to both of them that it was ones responsibility to care for his or her personal life, to facilitate individual development, and to improve oneself in economically and socially. On matters of improvement and development, the Confucianism says that the efforts that one puts in doing so are rewarded in the rest of ones life on this earth (Renard 221). According to Daoism, a person has to work for improvement and development here in the universe but the rewards may be realized in the next life and not necessarily here on earth. For both the Daoism and Confucianism have assisted in promoting the satisfaction of personal desires a moral way that has guided the Chinese people and other interested followers to attain their personal goals and objectives in life. Conclusion In conclusion, the both philosophers have managed to compliment one another as both have set an example that can be followed by the Chinese people. Most of people followed them in pursuit of achieving development and growth. Most of people preferred the teachings of Confucianism becaus e it concentrated much on the current and present happenings in the society (Yao 195). Unlike the Daoism that insisted on what would happen in the future, where one is not so sure of being present. When people are doing their normal things in life, they prefer to be assured of what they will benefit from here on earth but not about the life after death. The Confucianism also encourages its followers to be ken on what their leaders are serving them. Incase of any incidence of abuse of power and authority, people should not remain inactive and watch things happen; instead they should act against such leaders. This would lead to improvement of individuals and the society as a whole. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Daoism and Confucianism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The picture of Confucius, who introduced the Confucianism (www.logoi.com) The picture of Lao Tzu, who introduced the Daoism (www.taopage.org ) Little, Reg. A confucian-Daoist Millenium. Michigan: Connor Court Publishing Pty Ltd, 2006. Renard, John. One hundred one questions and answers on confucianism, Daoism, and  Shinto. New York: Paulist Press, 2002. Tang, Yijie. Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, Christianity, and Chinese Culture.  Beijing: CRVP, 2006. Yao, Xinzhong. An introduction too Confucianism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Greek influences on the modern world Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Greek influences on the modern world - Term Paper Example The innovations by Greek scholars and critiques against mythical beliefs led to an improved understanding of the world and the occurrences within it. The Greeks were the first emancipators of thought. Philosophers such as Thales were revolutionaries of thought. They came up with explanations to counter mythical beliefs and developed practical solutions to solve problems in the society. Pythagoreans helped develop mathematics (Pythagoras, 54). Early cosmologists who studied the universe were also Greek. Another Greek, Hippocrates, made great advances in the field of medicine. Philosophy and Astronomy The whole field of philosophy as practiced today can be attributed to the Greeks. They practically invented everything to do with this field of study. Philosophy refers to the love of wisdom and knowledge. Modern way of thinking that is based on rationality rather than beliefs was established by the Greeks. Thales of Miletus is considered the father of philosophy (Aristotle, 52). The mode rn day explanations of phenomenon such as lightning and earthquakes are attributed to these early thinkers. This is because they were the ones that questioned the mythical view that the gods were in control of nature. The Ionian Philosophy established by the Greek was the first to study the causes of nature without inclusion of gods in its studies. The advancements made in the field of astronomy can also be attributed to the works of the Greeks. They developed the first theories that tried to explain how the universe was formed. These scholars who were at the time referred to as cosmologists also gave explanations as to the causes of other aspects of nature such as winds, lightning and rain (Aristotle, 52). Mathematics and Science Mathematics is highly essential at this modern time. Most day to day operations in the modern world involve some aspect of mathematics from basic operations to highly complex ones. The Pythagoreans devoted themselves to the development and advancement of m athematics. They also believed that there was some form of mathematical order in nature. This was to be empirically demonstrated by Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein more than two thousand years later (Pythagoras, 54). Pythagoras and other Ionian philosophers developed the earliest form of geometry. The Pythagoras theorem taught in school up to this day was developed long ago by the Greeks. Another example is the Archimedes principle in Physics. Though developed a long time ago, it is still in use today. Science today involves a lot of observation and research work. Premises and accompanying conclusions are made based on solid evidence. This practice was developed by the Ionian Philosophers of Greece and is the basis upon which modern research is conducted. Medicine The field of medicine has seen much advancement over the years. Cures have been developed for diseases that were thought to be incurable. Modern man has been able to cope with disease outbreaks and develop cures thanks to the work of Greeks such as Hippocrates. Considered the father of medicine, Hippocrates, led other medical doctors in Greece to condemn magical practices and beliefs of the time. They said that the mythical beliefs hindered understanding of diseases. An example is the rejection of the belief that epilepsy was a sacred disease hence not curable. Such denunciations are what led to research into what causes these diseases how to develop of the cures. Scholars such as

CASE 3 W4 OIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CASE 3 W4 OIS - Essay Example In the same direction, the effects of manual ordering bring about inefficiency because not much is done within a short time frame. Once all these effects happen, effectiveness becomes undermined. Currently, there is an unintended effect with the CPOE, which has to do with the continuation of orders that are not explicitly discontinued by the doctor for a patient moving to a new part of the hospital. At Mount Auburn, adverse drug events (ADEs) are the largest injury category, as they account for up to 20% of total injuries (Mount Auburn Case, p. 1). The study at the hospital continues to show that there exists two major form or types of ADEs namely preventable and potential ADEs. Whereas preventable ADEs were noted to be have been resulted from correctable errors, potential ADEs were those that did not result in any injuries. Between these two types, it is expected that the implementation of the information system can lead to a reduction in both. This is because both cases of ADEs are directly attributable to human mistakes, which leads to medical errors. Since the information system will be eliminating most of the human phase of interaction with the ordering system, it is expected that all two forms of ADEs will be reduced drastically with the CPOE. At both Mount Auburn and Emory, it was noted that the CPOE system helped in bringing about standardization of care by reducing the variation of treatments and standardized care whenever possible (Emory Case, p. 7). The evidence of this major change is very glaring when the implementation of the information system is compared to moments before the implementation. For example, before the implementation, patients received preferential treatments based on the discretions of care givers. What is more, patients who were attended to at times that care givers were less tired were sure to receive the best of service than those who

Academic Writing for Adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Academic Writing for Adults - Essay Example Otherwise, I understand I would have to take the Writing Workshop, which offers a more intensive training for students who have exceptional difficulty with their academic writing. I believe that I do not need to take the Writing Workshop. Far from experiencing â€Å"writing anxiety,† I have a strong interest in writing, and my personal goal is to learn how to write more effectively. I believe that Academic Writing for Adults will be a good venue in which I could pick up pointers for improving my writing style. I understand that the course is for academic writing, which will provide me a greater opportunity to express myself better through my writing for the purpose of passing my courses, maybe even get better grades. In my youth, I had moderate difficulty in writing; I believe, though, that it was not so much because I was afraid of writing, or because I did not know how to write. At a young age, there appeared to be little to write about. I felt that I had not experienced as much as I had to in life, for me to gain enough insight to write about things. Of course, it was different about lessons. When needed, such as in an examination where essay writing was required, I usually could find enough to say, in order to create a decent-enough essay, and was confident in writing. When the type of writing is about impersonal things, such as subject matter that comes from lessons or a book, I have had little problems in writing. You might say that these are things that could be studied and memorized, then repeated when it becomes necessary to do so. Student’s last name However, when the requirement is to write about my personal insights and to venture my own opinions, I sometimes grope for the words that I must put together, in order to express what is formed as a concept in my own mind. Because of this, I feel that my problem with writing is not so much in the area of spelling or grammar, but one of a higher level, dealing with the finer points of writing , and the techniques to convince and entertain the reader. Now that I am joining an adult class, I feel that I have had more experience and more insights that I think are worth sharing. From my exposure to the outside world in the course of growing up, I have picked up a bit more vocabulary, even a bit more of the idiomatic expressions and common sayings that may be useful in forming my own statements and expressions. Needless to say, the more advanced means of communication has helped a lot in providing all of us with a ready source of information. Social networking, for instance, gives us all a chance to write to countless people in the world, to exchange ideas and to interact at a personal level in a manner that enriches us. This technology was not available to me in my youth; for this, I believe the youth today are in an enviable position, to be able at an early age to write and communicate with everybody else in the world and to grow together as a global community. I may be goi ng beyond the scope of a mere academic writing course, but I believe that writing is the key to reaching out through a more permanent medium than just conversing by speaking. Sometimes it is easier to get a message through by talking, because when we run out of words, we can use gestures and body language to get the message through. Writing is different, because one has to put down in a sheet of paper what one wants to say, without the use of facial expressions, body language, or other actions. The reader has only the words that the Student’s last name writer has put down on paper (or electronic medium) in order to grasp the message the writer wants to convey, in the way he wanted to convey it. The course if for academic writing, I understand. Eventually, though, I hope I could develop my writing skills to the point of

The Apple Inc After Steve Jobs Commerce Essay

The Apple Inc After Steve Jobs Commerce Essay The purpose of this assignment and the selection of Steve Jobs case study draw in many features of leadership theories and works connected with Jobs Apple or his business activity. His leadership tells again one further thing that sometimes successful leaders may divide into two camps the whole world : some adore the leader and others cannot stand him. This sensation is not so unusual as example of Margaret Thatchers political leadership and many military leaders over the centuries. Apples success made Steve Jobs a successful leader and the main thing is Jobs personal creation is Apple. During his time there were Bill Gates and Michael Dell who were fabulously successful in different parts of the IT business, but Jobs Apple was among the three brands, always the most inventive, the idiosyncratic, maybe even the imperturbable brand. By this time, many of us already learned, heard, read and watched about Steve Jobs many contributions to the society, his achievements on many accounts. Consumers passions about Steve Jobs and the Apple are rare in the business world. In Soho I was passing by an Apple store not long ago and found flowers and hundreds of post it notes from so many expressing gratitude to Steve Jobs. As Mr. Walter Isaacson, his biographer and others have pointed out that however, Steve Jobs was beyond perfection.   Anyway, his leadership and management style, in particular is my main concern.   Most of us by this time know that Steve Jobs could be egotistical, autocratic, and harsh.   Yet he was a great leader. So, this overturns some management writers claims and thoughts todays business leaders need to be nice, kind, humble (Level 5 leadership), and practice servant leadership? I think the contradiction about leadership can be clarified by two sets of aspects. One we need to recognize the situational leadership. In some circumstances one style could work properly but that might not work in some others at all. Ambiguity or the surprise matter always there while claims being made about the behaviour and the characteristics of the universal leadership. Woking overseas and leading cross functional global teams definitely recognize leadership needs to be adapted culture specific. Mr. Jobs leadership not mentioning his genius activities was a key part in the success of Apple. If he had used another style, might not be able to achieve the glorious success at Apple. The other one is apart from arrogance style of Mr. Jobs he had some great executive leaders qualities visionary, risk taker, emotional stability, openness to experience, and highly focused, committed or persistent, passionate and positive attitude. Not only he dived into his vision, he made sure companys everyone brought into that created for the company a higher purpose which excited really the company employees. His products and passions of course were legendary in Apple. He established trust among company members not as a founder but in marketing and product design. Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Issues Section # 2 Leadership Organisational Behaviour Issues To understand the attached case studys key aspect module Organisational Behaviour, I have done a detailed research on Apple Inc. policies, leadership strategies etc. Balanced Scorecard Institute defined the balanced scorecard which is a management and planning system used to bring into line business activities to the vision and the organisations strategy, communications (internal external) improvement, and against strategic goals monitor organisational performance. Most organisations, to bring effective changes use the balanced scorecard. But APPLE INC. doesnt implement the scorecard for operating changes but uses for long term performance. It focuses on various categories of measurement in the following order Financial Perspective Shareholder Value Customer Perspective Market share and customer satisfaction Internal Process Perspective Core Competencies The Innovation and Improvement Perspective The three wide-ranging Organisational Behaviour aspects have been taken i.e. Leadership, Motivation, and Change Management to identify whether Apple Inc. is following a good strategy or any possibility of improvement or any requirement of complete change. Especially the focus is more or less orbited around the Apple Inc.s CEO Steve Jobs throughout the report and the way he be able to manage and motivate the Apple Inc.s employees Leadership Through the case study and because of Steve Jobs I deeply researched and found on crisis moment Apple called him and simply Steve Jobs turned the things around and took the organisation at top level, honestly I got charmed by this man. His leadership styles sets for everyone example, he is visionary and transformational leaders role model. For example the price of Apple share 2% fell on Steve Jobs illness rumour in 2008. Because of some power struggles internally, Apple forced Steve to leave his job in 1985 and after that nearly one decade Apple was in serious crisis. In 1996 financial losses was reaching $81600000 and in 1997 it was $1 billion and instead of $70 per share (1991) it became $14 per share. In 1997 March issue Fortune Magazine described Apple as Silicon Valleys paragon of dysfunctional management. (Woods, 1997). Later Apple appointed Steve Jobs as the CEO and everything started changing even Apple is much ahead than rivals HP, Dell, Microsoft etc. and posited or ranked sixth in the list of reputable companies. In spite of his all achievements, Steve always been encircled with arguments. Beside the concern of the products of Apple, he is looked up as a business idol. Transformation leadership consists of charisma, motivation (inspirational), stimulation (intellectual) and consideration (individual). Everybody knows that Steve Jobs had these all qualities except the last one consideration (individual). He had a perfection achieving phenomenal hunger and acted as a one man army to reformed computing system. From his past as well as the past of Apple we can see his greatness. Todays the digital image of the society is enhanced by the Apple i.e. Steve Jobs. During 1985 to 1997, successfully he transformed Pixar into a successful speculation. Only lack was Steve Jobs liked secrecy. Apple builds trust but never talked about their forthcoming products. They always talked about their achieved things and this behaviour effects a lot to the Apple Inc. employees. His arrogant and top-down approach is not going to work according to William C. Taylor (Harvard Business Review, 2009) With an excellent speech ability and superb fascinating influence over the audience and his employees, Steve Jobs is a very powerful charismatic leader. He made his employees enthusiastic by the charismatic power and convinced customers to buy Apples products. Apart from his charismatic power he is also known as devious, rude and corrupt. He did not respect individual, employees scared him, though its perfection quest but still shows his consideration for individual is low to some extent. He made his employees better but not to be easy on them. Survey in 2008 shows that employees were not enough satisfied with their bonus and compensation level but they had towards the products and the policies of the company full passion. Steve Jobs tremendous qualities of charismatic power, Apple outperformed others primarily in the business market. Though charismatic leadership power matched with him but his individual consideration does not go with him. In this respect my doubt goes whether Steve Jobs is a charismatic leader or a personalised leader more. Motivation The purpose and direction of behave is the psychological process which is referred by the Motivation. An organisation will be benefitted if the employees are motivated by effective productivity though its a very complex task as motivation keeps on changing. In 2010, Glassdoor results show clearly that Apples employees are respectful to their boss and are motivated. A few years before and the present Apple if compare, anyone can easily realise that Jobs was outstanding to get his employees commitment properly that proved Apples employees motivation. When excellence expected then employees need not be told anything said by Steve Jobs in 1989, initially needs to coach them. The motivation model of the Maslows hierarchy of needs (1943) describes that the needs can be classified into these stages (including last need being basic need most). SELF ACTUALISATION Doing what best you can do ESTEEM NEEDS Self-respect and respect from others BELONGING Acceptance and being part of something SAFETY NEEDS Physical and Psychological security PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS Hunger, Thirst, Rest etc. Esteem , Belonging and Self Actualisation needs are as highlighted is that according to me, these are the underperformances in the Apples motivation level for employees. Apple never put hard gear on the employees motivation as they never knew what company coming up with next. They are restricted to go from one department to another by using electronic badges as terrorists. Jobs kept software and hardware department separate and set in different buildings. Steve Jobs always looking for perfection, a notorious manager, instead of motivate he used his stick. This definitely is not followed the Maslows hierarchy of needs. Steve Jobs was an autocratic as he wanted people to listen to him. Though innovation is part of the involvement of the employees but this theory had a doubt on Apples innovation. Definitely it conflicts with the Self Actualisation Stage of Maslows hierarchy. In 2006, Roderick Kramer wrote for Harvard Business Review, a certain degree of forcefulness might prove to be useful when it comes to handling intractable problems. So, Steve jobs always worked on his own way and delivered fabulous results does not mean that his ways is the right way. Because its not about Steve Jobs, its the question about Apple Inc. So, therefore the way Jobs worked is not the right way. According to an insider Steve was acute with his employees, made them cry but also most of time he was right. His viewpoint was exceptional and he had no asshole rule, he was tyrant in his workplace but if employees not fully pleased then things not going to work same way in future. Change Management The development of an organisation depends on Change Management, a set of behavioural science-based theories, values and strategies. It is not an easy job. W Pasmore in 2010 said that many leaders failed to make operating and critical changes to led the organisation. Apple like many other big companies gained mastery in this matter. Not only Apple Inc. comes up with new and innovative technology but also the implementation of the financial figures of them vastly accepted all over the world. Steve Jobs has many reasons to be successful in change management and out of those understanding and anticipation of customers requirement most. Change Management helps an organisation to take from one level to the next level by treating Employees as Focus Group. Steve doesnt rely on focus groups, instead he is a steady believer that customers themselves dont know their requirement. Without asking them he has a strong understanding ability and can anticipate his customers call. So he treats as focus group his own employees and without any customer intervention makes the decision. By giving such huge importance to the employees, the employees themselves feel a part of the change. Thus he gains the employee loyalty very easily. The products like iPod, iPhone, and iTunes are great examples that prove his expertise in understanding the customer needs. Every individual thinks own way differently and has got own different insights and assertiveness in life. So, therefore, its not possible to get 100% support from all the employees. Rather, to accept and adapt to change, they need to be motivated and inspired enough. Jobs chooses team members by selecting multiplier factor of excellence. He believes that the extraordinary designers, engineers and managers are not only better than the good ones by 10 or 20 % but 10 times better. He feels that outstanding products come from their contributions. Eliminating Fear of Change: Over time, Steves leadership has made the organisations mantra, together with its distribution and channel partners. While iTunes launch, people thought it might change the entire music industry. With the charismatic ability Jobs eliminated the fear of change, and they achieved their 100% contribution and iTunes in the music industry made a revolution. Managing Changes in Distribution Strategy: the whole distribution strategy might be disrupted at time by the innovation and Apple faced the problem on their iPod launching time. They made good relation with big box stores like Wal Mart, Target etc. before introducing them in the consumer electronics industry. For distributing digital music iTunes also built a complete new distribution strategy successfully and thats the way Apple overcome the changing problem in distribution strategy. Analytical Framework and Evaluation Section # 3 Analytical Framework Evaluation Most business leaders expect to touch the level Steve Jobss did before he died in October 2011. He is the legendary visionary player one in a century. He is a dynamic and controversial leader and his success totally relied upon his innovation capabilities. During time the legacies left by many other protruding leaders become clear. However, we already by today have tremendous clarity of Jobss leadership. Because of the masterful biography of Walter Isaacson, we know that Jobs pursued former CEO of CNN and managing editor of  Time Isaacson, for five years (Jobss determination example in the book first among many), and then of course a much rarer incidence giving a free hand to him, promising: Its your book. I wont even read it. Certainly Steve Jobs was a wayward and ambitious leader, and his innovation, commercialization and services to the society through Apple Inc. changed the way of life styles of many of us and developed truthfully great ways for computing, publishing, movies, music, and mobile telephony industries. His way or style of leadership is complex, risky, committed and charismatic to convince customers and employees on his aspiration. Though he is greatest business executive of the era but he was critical, tyrant one. All too often he was the antithesis of the servant leader model popularized in the 1990s (the giving, caring organizational mentor who in many ways contrasted with the hero model of a century prior). Not only at Apple Inc. but at NeXT and at Pixar, he seeded powerful culture. He created a place where motivated people make great products. He had fascinating and perplexing leadership. Personally and professionally he fell in and out of love with people easily. Because of his great talent he created extraordinary skilful organisation but he missed many peoples potential contribution. In question of teamwork, he always challenged to do beyond the possible. So, a few strong people cope with this challenge to keep remain the pride but many others usually become frustrated. In a way this is a loss of encouragement and emotional effect as the theme comes up A players and B players. Then the misrepresenting habit of Steve Jobs in reality for fulfilling his purpose together with the intolerance, condemnation, and unfriendliness that often accompanied it. In one sense Steves version could create a compelling vision of what might be. Could observe his fostered cultures at his company Apple Inc. even though he was not with Apple for 10 years but his underlying essence of the culture which he had established somehow stayed alive. But on another sense, Steve Jobss criticism, unfriendliness and arrogance could be extremely estranging, which actually shattered his credibility, particularly the way he used it to terminate a hopeful impression or a determination as a piece of crap. The way Apple Inc. worked on last decade was a way to sink a company. It successfully did everything because of Jobs extraordinary talent at foreseeing and providing revolutionary products and services. His ability to originate for his customers in a way few leaders had done before obliged as a liniment to his bad-tempered personal style. There will be really few countable top leaders who pay much attention on design detail and other things of products as Jobs did. Without counting cost efficiency or sales volume or even the profit, Steve Jobs always measured the consumer appeal, functionality and simplicity of products. That attention was the vital part of his organisation Apple Inc.s strategic and marketing capabilities. Steve Jobs was alike Walt Disney and Edwin Land an entrepreneurial leader in these respects and he admired both of them. Jobs without any hesitation always declared that without showing what they want, customers do not know their requirements. Indeed, not infallible but he remarkably was able to develop products that consumers would buy and enjoy, as well as the self-reliance, audacity, and ambition to bring them to life. According to Isaacson, a blue collar mechanic and his adoptive father Jobs genius for imaginative leaps [that] were instinctive, unexpected, and at times magical Time goes on and Steve Jobs became a better leader of people. Though he never liked to live on his own shortcomings, Isaacson in 2007 quotes a statement revealing a somewhat unenthusiastic, even concealed sense of an imperative flaw. Because Steve Jobs and Woz were not good enough in making partnership with people but based on doing the whole banana they started the company, he said of Apples design philosophy. Only God knows if he could have some more time, he might be able to less the gap difference between his leadership DNA and the Apple Inc.s one. Conclusion and Recommendations Section # 4 Conclusion Recommendations If consider the Apple Inc. financial results then people might remark that most of the things in the company are going quite well. But the above entire analysis explains that a lot of loopholes are inside the functions of Apple Inc. which have need of a subterranean thought. All over the world millions of people were considering Steve Jobs as an idol but side by side his attitudes, arrogance or behaviours questions straightway whether he can be symbol as a transformational leader truly or should level him as a personalised leader. Definitely if someone think that Apples innovative products are a result of employee involvement and motivation then the idea is totally wrong. After getting the critical analysis of the motivation levels according to the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs help, it could be easily explainable that the sequentially described top three needs levels go uncertain in Apple employees case. But there is no doubt on the question that Apple has mastered in the concept of ch ange. Whether it is about training the employees for change or it is about managing the changes in distribution strategy, Apple has successfully managed changes both within as well as outside the organisation. My recommendations to the company, particularly to Steve Jobs, are: No wonder apple has no match in its innovation. But things can further improve provided that employees are given more freedom to express their thoughts. Moreover, if instead of Stick, Jobs can manage with some positive motivation, it can do wonders for the company as far as employee loyalty is concerned. Steve Jobs, undoubtedly, is a fantastic charismatic leader. The analysis in the report clearly shows that the charisma of Steve Jobs has single handed taken the company to such heights. But Apple needs to think beyond Steve Jobs. The company should start focussing more on its future, for which it is really important that the other members of the organisation also start scratching their heads and reduce their dependency on one man. According to The June 11, 2012 issue of  Fortune, at present the employees of Apple Inc. seems more than satisfied with Mr. Cook who often sits down with the Apple employees randomly at lunchtime whereas typically Jobs dined with his design chief. Employees used to loved, admired and feared Jobs but the way Cook treating his employees is the way employees expect to interact with their CEO. According to a University of Iowa study one statement easily can be perceived for Apple Inc. that no co-worker or colleague would be supportive or friendly with an abusive or critical boss like Steve Jobs, they will tolerate the behaviour of the boss as long as he is productive. At present all over in North America, current and aspiring executives either quoting what Steve Jobs said, but would urge others by criticizing them by the caution that Steve Jobs wouldnt do that. One thing is for sure, bringing up the next generation of leaders to emulate Steve Jobs leadership style will take our organizations, if not our society, backwards. Interestingly, Jobs may not be the incarnation of an effective leader in a way, he was far from being a conventional text-book example. Nevertheless, his captivation, self-confidence and thirst for work outshine all his imperfections, making him one of most successful CEOs of the decade.

Mozambique Essay -- essays research papers

Mozambique- a beautiful stretch of land off the Southeast coast of Africa. It is specifically located at latitude 40’27’S to 26’52’S, and longitude from 30’31E to 40’51’E. It’s east coast shores are some of the most tranquilizing while the west coast is bordered by South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Tanzania coming from south to north. Mozambique is famous for the Zambesi River and its contribution to the power supply of central Africa. Today the capital of Mozambique is Maputo. The whole country is a largely tropical area that is susceptible to both drought and flooding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mozambique is so vast that it must be broken up into three regions; the North the Zambesi river basin, and the south. The Zambesi River cuts Mozambique in half and is the heart of the land. The numerous other rivers are important to the economy and it’s livelihood as well. It is because of the rivers and the fertility of the soil, that 80% of the population are in agriculture. The countryside is also densely forested and has been exploited for local building material. This country has everything from high mountains, to low rivers, to beautiful beaches. It is truly underdeveloped and has yet to reveal it’s most mysterious secrets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The earliest settlers in Mozambique were Muslim traders dating all the way back to the eighth century. Hence, the linguistic diversity is as vast as the land. Three widespread languages; Makna-Lomwe, Tsonga, and Shona are known throughout the land, while each region or subculture may speak a different tongue. For instance, at the Northern tip of Mozambique, the peoples speak Swahili. A Bantu language that originated from the co-mingling of Arabic and African peoples. The peoples of Mozambique are many. Ten separate cultures are nationally recognized, but each culture has many subcultures that were the results of the biological and cultural mixing of several populations. As the ethnicity is diverse, so is the religious connotation. Tribal religious practices account for 70% or more of the ethnic groups north of the Save river. In places, people are associated with the Christian and Muslim faiths’ and there is also evidence of Baptist and Protestant groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It will be a struggle for these indigene cultures to keep their unity alive during the Portuguese invasion, but their ... ..., and racial discrimination were not in effect, if that can really happen, but that is what was at least professed. It seems that the people were freed, but then left with nothing and nothing to work with. The plan of attack dealing with the agriculture aspect effected the control of much needed markets. Due to unsuccessful attempts concerning economic policies led to massive social dislocation and economic collapse. In efforts to meet everyone’s needs, FRELIMO gave up total reign of the political process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, Mozambique faces many problems including those health and disease related . Some poor choices concerning the closure of transportation routes with Southern Rhodesia were made under FRELIMO. This specific act resulted in a $200million in lost transit revenues. Obviously the situation is less than hoped for. It is s o sad to see a country that is plagued by colonialism and in it is efforts for independence it gets left with less than it had before. Hopefully it will find the strength to pull itself out of the water. As for it’s future, it is up to the new generations to educate themselves and advance their economic and technological resources.

Primary Education Essay

The Government of India in 2001 launched the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), a nationwide programme to provide universal primary education, thereby encouraging secondary education also. The Center passed The Right to Education Act in 1 April 2010, which guarantees free and compulsory education to every child in the 6-14 age groups. But, the lack of awareness on the requirement of pre-school education & operational challenges including the availability of quality teachers are some of the issues that still limit the widespread benefits from the government act. Though the number of institutes has gone up significantly since then, but most of them provide an average education. Many state-funded schools in India lack even the basic infrastructure. In fact the quality of education, especially in remote villages, is very dismal. The quality of teaching in elementary schools is not up to the mark. Teacher absenteeism is widespread, teachers are not adequately trained and the quality of pedagogy is poor. One of the major challenges is the diminishing inclination of youth towards the teaching profession. The low salary base, lack of incentives and a lethargic job with less of dynamism have made the profession a last resort for the youth. Also, the profession has lost the level of respect that it deserved. Nowadays, it is only been seen as a supplementary income, and they keep trying to enhance their qualification, till they get into a better job. While there is immense shortage of primary and upper primary schools, there are some schools in many parts of the district where a single teacher is taking all classes from 1-5. As per RTE Act norms, the ratio of teacher and students should be 1:30 in primary schools and 1: 35 in upper primary schools. But, past 2 years since the enactment of the RTE act, there is a shortage of 1. 2 million teachers in India. This gap has led to lack of interest in the students too, which led to decline in the enrolment and also shift towards tuitions. Key national highlights by ASER report 2009 * The percentage of all rural children in Std 5 reading text at Std 2 level shows a decline from 56. 2 percent in 2008 to 52. 8 percent in 2009. This means around 40% of all rural children in Std 5 in India are at least three grade levels behind based on their level of learning * In math, for children in Std 5, the ability to do division problems has hardly increased. From 2007-09, for children in government schools the ability has actually declined from 41 percent to 36% * In Government Schools, 17. 1 percent students take private tuitions, and it rises to 30. 8 percent by the time they reach standard 8th * In private schools more than 25 percent students take private tuitions from standard 1 itself. Some of these challenges can be overcome by adopting Innovative teaching/ learning methods to achieve the desired quality: For high quality education throughout, India needs to focus on strengthening nation wide network, which would provide equal quality education to all students, including the students from the rural areas and villages, irrespective of the type of school. New methods of delivery would enable to augment access, quality and improve delivery at various levels of education and also to bridge the gap between the faculty requirements and their availability. Information, Communication and technology (ICT) tools such as videos, television and multimedia computer software that combine text, sound, and colourful, moving images can be used to provide challenging and authentic content that would engage the students in the learning process. ICTs can also be used to improve access to and the quality of teacher training. Some international examples in this regard are: * Cyber Teacher Training Center (CTTC) in South Korea is leveraging on Internet to provide better teacher professional development opportunities to in service teachers. The government-funded CTTC, offers self-directed, self-paced web-based courses for primary and secondary school teachers * In China, large-scale radio and television-based teacher education has for many years been conducted by the China Central Radio and TV, University, the Shanghai Radio and TV University (RTVU) and many other RTVUs in the country. Some progressive approaches the Indian education sector has adopted * Eight hundred and fifty schools in India use Tata Sky Active. Besides over a million Tata Sky homes spend more than INR 30 every month to buy services such as Active English, Active Learning and Active Wizkids. * Activity based learning – * Katha: A Initiative involving Amar Chitra Katha characters to impart education to school children * Hey Math: Content providers are selling different school fundamentals as a learning package to children. Initiatives are now in place to sell science packages * Campus-Connect Programs – Governments are having partnerships with training schools for vocational training, like Government of Delhi and IndiaCan have partnered to impart English education to bus drivers * Voucher Schools – * A school voucher or education voucher is a certificate issued by the government which parents can apply toward tuition at a school * The government of Rajasthan has announced two schemes that use school vouchers- Gyanodaya for classes 6-12 and Shikshak ka Apna Vidyalaya for classes 1-5. Trends in Education Sector in Pre-school: Trends| Examples:| Entry of Big Corporate| * Many corporate houses have / are planning to set up their own chain of pre-schools – Pre schools are viewed as attractive investment opportunities due to the growth potential. * For e.g. Alphakids set up by Camlin group and Globe Tot’ers by Yash Birla Group, P&G’s flagship Corporate Social Responsibility Program Shiksha. | Joint Ventures with Builders| * Increasingly preschools are forming joint ventures with builders. Partnering with builders helps in imparting flexibility in the business against high lease rentals * AEZ group and Mothers Pride entered into a JV for a Preschool| Upgrade to K 12| * Preschool chains are moving up the value chain by upgrading to K-12 schools to ensure scalability  for preschool firms * Kidzee, Euro Kids and Kangaroo Kids are upgrading to K-12 school and a large majority of their preschool population is expected to be the potential customers for K-12| Expansion to Tier I & Tier II Cities| * Demand and affordability is increasing in small towns with the growing awareness among people about the need to send children to preschools. * Euro kids plans to add 1000 pre schools in medium term with Tier II and Tier III cities as growth drivers| Leveraging Infrastructure foreconomic viability| * In order to maximize space utilization, preschools are leveraging the existing infrastructure to generate additional revenues * Additional programmes are being offered in the same premise in order to allow higher utilization of the infrastructure|.

Critically analyse how the Global Energy Assessment pathways represent future socio-technological change in the energy system, focussing on the building sector. The WritePass Journal

Critically analyse how the Global Energy Assessment pathways represent future socio-technological change in the energy system, focussing on the building sector. Abstract Critically analyse how the Global Energy Assessment pathways represent future socio-technological change in the energy system, focussing on the building sector. the Global Energy Assessment (GEA) was therefore launched and a new global energy policy agenda was established (GEA Writing Team, 2012: 4). The GEA intended to change the way society uses and delivers energy in order to mitigate climate change. In doing so, it brings together hundreds of international researchers to provide an analysis of the current issues that exist and to identify the possible options that can be taken in tackling climate change. Technology options and policies are also included in the GEA and are considered vital in protecting the environment and maintaining sustainable development (GEA, 2014: 1). As noted by Greening, the Secretary of State for International Development: â€Å"The long-term effects of climate change threaten to undermine progress in reducing global poverty† (Department for International Development, 2011: 3). This is the main reason why the UK is committed to helping developing countries adapt to climate change in a positive way by ensu ring that they take up low carbon growth and effectively tackle deforestation. This study will therefore examine some of the Global Energy Assessment pathways, by focusing on the building sector, in order to consider the effects these will have upon the energy system in the future. Socio-Technological Change in the Energy System In order for climate change to be tackled effectively, socio-technological changes are needed within the energy system. This can be ascertained by reviewing the different sectors which impact the environment and then considering what socio-technological changes are required. The building sector has a significant impact upon the environment because of the fact that it accounts for one-third of the planets total energy use (Global Alliance, 2012: 1). Technological improvements to buildings are therefore a cost-effective way of mitigating climate change. By using existing proven technologies we have the ability right to â€Å"reduce energy consumption in new and existing buildings by 30-50 percent at extremely low or no cost, and usually at negative cost (Global Alliance, 2012: 1). Increased building efficiency is therefore the future for the building sector because not only do greener buildings help to promote sustainability but they are also better for the consumer in that they are m ore comfortable and cheaper to maintain (NAR, 2014: 1). The pathways for transition that have been explored in the GEA therefore need to be followed if the building sector is to become more energy efficient. This is important given that GHG emissions are expected to nearly double by the year 2030 under a high-growth development scenario (Metz et al; 2007: 6). The GEA supports sustainability in the building sector by helping decisions makers address the challenges associated with building development (CCCSEP, 2012: 1). Energy Efficiency Barriers in the Building Sector   The building sector can contribute to tackling climate change through socio-technological change in the energy system, yet there are many barriers towards improved efficiency in this sector. One of the main barriers that exists is a lack of technical, economic and general knowledge about the energy sector. Not only does this knowledge gap apply to consumers but it also applies to building designers, architects and politicians (Urge-Vorsatz, 2012: 702). Because of this lack of knowledge, it is very difficult for many of the technologies and practices that exist in this area to be implemented. Furthermore, although energy efficient practices are considered cost effective, they are not being widely adopted due to the high initial start-up costs. The high upfront costs are thus discouraging, especially when there is a lack of knowledge that exists in this area and unless greater awareness is provided, it is unlikely that the GEA pathways will have much of an influence in the future. Mark et failures also provide barriers to energy efficiency because of the failures in the way the market operates (Urge-Vorsatz, 2012: 702). Such flaws prevent the trade-off between energy efficiency investments and energy saving benefits. Behavioural barriers are also a problem for energy efficiency in the building sector as the behaviours of individuals and companies may be difficult to change. For example, individuals may fail to turn the lights off in their homes, whilst organisations may fail to identify energy saving opportunities, especially if they do   not benefit directly from them. An example of this can be seen in relation to green leases since these are one of the main pathways to energy efficiency. Green leases thus impose obligations on landlords and tenants to achieve targets for energy consumption. This ensures that the energy use of commercial buildings is minimised through â€Å"better measurement, greater awareness and systematic management† (All Party Urban Development Group, 2008: 2). There are a number of different green lease shades which represent different commitments to the green agenda: light green leases represent a modest commitment to the agenda, whilst dark green leases reflect a much more serious commitment (Bright, 2008: 158). Regardless of the benefits green leases have on the environment, however, they are not being used as much as they should. This is largely the result of the â€Å"conventional relationship between the landlord (as building owner) and tenant (as occupier)† which generally neglects â€Å"environmental co nsiderations† (Hinnells et al; 2008, 1). The extent to which green leases represent future socio-technological change in the energy system is therefore unclear and it seems that further changes are required if a more robust system is to be implemented. Green leases should be used more frequently than they are at present, yet it is questionable whether this is likely to happen given that â€Å"change may be rapid, disruptive and challenging (Hinnells et al; 2008: 1). Bright believes that capital investment will allow for more efficient equipment to be introduced that will allow for better energy savings to be made (Bright, 2008: 158). This will encourage landlords and tenants to enter into a green lease if they can identify the real benefits that are associated with them. Consequently, it is evident when looking at green leases that one of the main barriers towards improved energy efficiency is the lack of awareness that exists. In order to remove this barrier to energy efficiency, campaigns and sector learning networks could be introduced in order to increase the current awareness of GEA’s (Carbon Trust, 2005: 16). Furthermore, actions could also be taken that raise the attention of building owners such as; tax incentives and low interest loans (Rezendes, 1994: 41). This will allow greater access to energy efficient equipment and will encourage individuals to take advantage of the opportunities that are available. Another barrier towards energy efficiency in the building sector is transaction costs and the limited availability of capital. Because building owners do not generally have spare capital available to make their buildings more energy efficient, they are less likely to take the GEA pathways into consideration (Ecofys, 2012: 3). Furthermore, as has been pointed out; â€Å"financial barriers to the penetration of energy efficiency and building integrated distributed generated technologies include factors that increase the investments costs and/or decrease savings resulting from the improvement† (Urge-Vorsatz, 2012: 698). Arguably, building owners are unlikely to make energy efficient changes if they are not also cost-effective despite the fact that the equipment is more efficient. This could also be rectified through tax incentives and low interest loans, yet economic instruments could also be introduced that reduce the overall costs of the equipment. Energy prices could also be increased so that going green would be more of an incentive than it is at present. This is because, unless there are significant cost benefits of becoming more energy efficient, it is unlikely that individuals will be actively encouraged to do so. Market misalignment is another barrier that prevents â€Å"the consistent trade-off between specific energy-efficient investment and the societal energy-saving benefits† (The Carbon Trust, 2005: 16). An example of this can be seen in relation to tenant-landlord relationships where companies have no direct control over the premises and so are reluctant to invest in energy effi ciency. This barrier could be overcome through the provision of split-incentives. This would encourage landlords to become more energy efficient if they were being incentivised to do so. If the GEA pathways are implemented, the environment will benefit significantly from this and the passivhaus standard will be applied in the building sector. This standard is the robust approach to building design which seeks to minimise the heating demand of buildings by building houses that have exceptional thermal performance (Passivhaus, 2011: 1). Unless it is less costly for builders to employ the passivhaus standard, there will be no incentive for them to do so as they will not benefit from the reduced energy savings. GEA Pathways for the Energy Efficiency Transition Because of how important it is to protect the environment, it is necessary that the multiple objectives outlined in the GEA are being met through environmental control. The main objective of the GEA pathways is to understand the combination of measures, time scales and costs that are needed to transform the energy system. In understanding this, however, it is necessary to first identify the energy efficiency barriers that exist so that appropriate measures can be implemented to alleviate them. Reducing thermal energy use is achievable through a number of different pathways such as; best practice in building design, construction and operation; the elimination of energy poverty; the increase of living space and economic development ((Urge-Vorsatz, 2012: 703). Before these pathways can be incorporated, it will be necessary to for significant investments to be made as well as the introduction of new appliances and technology and discounted energy saving costs. Because this will require h igh start-up costs, increased knowledge of the GEA pathway benefits will be needed so that individuals and organisations will be incentivised to adopt such pathways. Hence, many approaches have already been implemented to manage pollution-generating processes (Stuart, 2006: 1), yet it cannot be said that the obligations placed upon individuals under the   Environmental Protection Act 1990 and the EU’s Council Directive 96/61/EC to control the environment are being realised (McEldowney and McEldowney, 2010: 48). This is likely to be the result of market failures and behavioural barriers since individuals and organisations may not be able to identify when an energy saving opportunity arises.   Nevertheless, since the Climate Change Act 2008 was first enacted various mitigation and adaption strategies have been introduced, such as the Government’s ‘Green Deal’. The objective of this deal was to limit greenhouse gas emissions so that the increase of global temperature could be decreased. The Green Deal has been considered a welcoming development because of the fact that it has enabled the energy efficiency of many households and businesses to be improve â€Å"without consuming so much energy and wasting so much money† (DEEC, 2010: 1). This is beneficial for consumers and is likely to reduce the initial startup costs. The Green Deal is also effective in increasing the awareness of energy saving benefits, which is likely to remove any subsisting behavioral barriers. Conversely, it has been argued that the implementation of the GEA pathways may actually lead to further energy use, through the so-called rebound effect (Gillingham et al, 2013: 474). Although the GEA have identified the possible re-bound effect the implementation of their pathways may have, it seems as though little consideration has been given to this (GEA, 2012: 1573). Accordingly, it cannot be said that the barriers to energy efficiency have been given much thought and unless the behaviour of individuals and organisations change, it is unlikely that the GEA pathways will have much of an impact in the future.   There are both direct and indirect rebound effects that are likely to occur. The direct rebound effect happens when people consume more energy as a result of the low costs, and the indirect rebound effect happens when people use savings from lower energy costs to spend on other energy intensive activities (Sorrell, 2010: 636). In view of this, is thereby essential that re bound effects are taken into consideration when evaluating how beneficial energy efficiency really is. As noted by Giillingham et al; however: Empirical evidence indicates that the direct rebound effect will dominate in the near term at around 10-30 per cent (2013: 476). Regardless of this, it was also pointed out that rebound effects are not necessarily bad since the overall well-being of society will be improved as a result. Therefore, even if the re-bound effect does not lead to a significant reduction in energy use, societal well-being will be improved. It is unclear whether the target of 80 per cent emission reductions by 2050 will be achieved since there are a number of different changes that need to be implemented in order for the barriers to energy efficiency to be overcome (Bell and McGillivray, 2008: 531). In effect, whilst many implementations have been made towards establishing a sustainable future in the energy sector, the extent to which these have proven successful re mains largely unclear. If the barriers to energy efficiency are removed and the GEA pathways are followed, there is a possibility that the emission reductions will be reduced by 2050, yet it remains to be seen whether this will be by 80 per cent. This is because as put by Riahi et al; although the GEA pathways have shown that such a transformation is possible, the task remains and ambitious and will require rapid introduction of policies and fundamental policy changes that lead to coordinated efforts to integrate global concerns (2012: 1300). Consequently, the barriers to energy efficiency will need to be overcome before the GEA pathways can be implemented, yet this is likely to prove extremely complex. Increased awareness would be the first step as this will lead to behavioural changes that will ensure the GEA pathways are being adopted. Conclusion Overall, whilst there are a number of different GEA pathways that are intended to make effective socio-technological changes in the energy system, the extent to which these will prove successful remains unclear. This is because, whilst many of the pathways are considered effective ways of creating an environmentally friendly energy system, it cannot be said that the current mechanisms are being employed by all. This is evidenced by the introduction of green leases, which are aimed at establishing energy efficient ways of occupying commercial property. Whilst these leases do seem rather beneficial to both landlords and tenants, their place in the market has not yet been established. The lack of incentives may be one reason for this, which signifies how further benefits ought to be made available. In addition, the future of the mitigation and adaption strategies that have been implemented into the building sector is also unclear because of the fact organisations do not always co-operat e in the implementation of such strategies. The re-bound effect is also not being given enough consideration and thus needs to be taken into account when analysing the GEA pathways. Consequently, in order to maintain sustainable development and minimise climate change, it is vital that the GEA pathways are being promoted a lot more so that the impact the building sector has on the environment can be minimised, yet in doing so the re-bound effect should be taken into account in order to ensure that a more realistic approach is undertaken References All Party Urban Development Group., (2008). Greening UK Cities Buildings; Improving the Energy Efficiency of Our Offices, Shops and Factories. A Report Delivered by the Officers, (2008), centreforcities.org/assets/files/APUDG4.pdf 20 March 2014. 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Property Law Journal 22, hilldickinson.com/pdf/Property%20Law%20Journal%20-%20green%20leases%20-%20Richard%20James%20Hill%20Dickinson%20LLP%20.pdf 20 March 2014. King, V., (2009). Is My Lease Green? 32 Company’s Secretary Review 24, Issue 24. LRCI., (2009). Guidance: Green Commercial Leases. Low Carbon Research Institute Convergence Programme, lcri.org.uk/images/pdfs/green%20leases%20guidance.pdf 20 March 2014. Urge-Vorsatz, D. (2012) ‘Energy End Use: Buildings’ iiasa.ac.at/web/home/research/Flagship-Projects/Global-Energy-Assessment/GEA_CHapter10_buildings_lowres.pdf Accessed 29 March 2014.